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INSIGHT

Avoided emissions

These technologies or activities can be seen as preventing the emissions from the higher carbon equivalents (e.g. generating electricity from renewables compared to fossil fuels, or travelling via rail compared to road internal combustion engine transport). They produce fewer, or no emissions, compared to the higher carbon scenario.

INSIGHT

Negative emissions

These technologies actively remove emissions from the atmosphere and store them long-term. They reduce emissions by taking emissions which have already been produced out of the atmosphere.

INSIGHT

Overpriced emissions

These technologies or activities see a bigger penalty for emissions, increasing the incentive to reduce emissions. In the case of renewables or low carbon activities, overpriced suggests the cost is high relative to the amount of emissions they avoid, which could be for historic reasons (e.g. long-term policy costs to kick-start the renewables industry).

INSIGHT

Underpriced emissions

These technologies or activities see a lower or no penalty for emissions, which increases the incentive to continue emitting. In some cases, this means some technologies or activities are being subsidised to emit (e.g. heating homes with gas boilers, flying).

INSIGHT

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INSIGHT

Key

Click on the technology or actvitiy to show the effective carbon price and emission for each

Circle size = total emissions (MtCO2e)

Sector explorer

Hover over each sector to highlight

Power generation

Fossil fuel production

Transport

Industry

Residential

Services (commercial and public)

Agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU)

Engineered removals

Waste

Hover over to highlight or click on to show insights

Emissions explorer

Underpriced emissions

Overpriced emissions

Negative emissions

Avoided emissions

Our analysis calculates 2022 figures, as this is the latest year for which complete data is available.

Effective carbon prices and emissions in the UK by sector

The government has estimated that a carbon price of £261/tCO2e is needed to achieve Net Zero. Emissions to the right of the line are overpriced and emissions to the left of the line are underpriced.

-£53/tCO2e 50 MtCO2e

-£133/tCO2e 6 MtCO2e

-£85/tCO2e 18 MtCO2e

-£67/tCO2e 43 MtCO2e

-£11/tCO2e 15 MtCO2e

-£8/tCO2e 7 MtCO2e

£0/tCO2e 0 MtCO2e

£24/tCO2e 19 MtCO2e

£26/tCO2e -18 MtCO2e

£30/tCO2e 17 MtCO2e

£34/tCO2e 15 MtCO2e

£43/tCO2e 15 MtCO2e

£60/tCO2e -18 MtCO2e

£94/tCO2e 43 MtCO2e

£60/tCO2e 38 MtCO2e

£79/tCO2e 43 MtCO2e

£94/tCO2e 26 MtCO2e

£147/tCO2e 110 MtCO2e

£235/tCO2e 14 MtCO2e

£340/tCO2e 13 MtCO2e

£366/tCO2e -8 MtCO2e

£469/tCO2e -4 MtCO2e

£523/tCO2e -5 MtCO2e

£532/tCO2e -3 MtCO2e

£672/tCO2e -1 MtCO2e